You will be amazed to find out that India is considered the second-largest producer of wheat in the world. In fact, wheat is one of the most important crops for daily household consumption. Aside from its texture and softness, Indian wheat is known for its high protein content as well. Most states in India produced a large amount of wheat in mass quantities. India also produces wheat in a traditional manner, which gives the grain a higher nutritional value. The texture value of wheat varies from state to state in India depending on the state where it is produced. Indian agriculture is largely responsible for the country’s economic development. Food was first produced for human consumption by humans. Over time, humans began storing and also commercializing food. Wheat, taken for its rich fiber and carbohydrate content, is one of the most important grains produced in the country. Let us know now which are the top wheat-producing states in India.
In India, wheat is considered the most important cereal crop. It is estimated that 29.8 million hectares of land are planted with crops in the country. During the recent years wheat production in India crossed the mark of 95 Million Tonnes, making it the 2nd largest producer in the world. It has a similar texture to U.S. white wheat, which is generally soft/medium-hard. In western and central India, wheat is generally hard and includes a high protein and also a high gluten content. Crops such as wheat are commonly grown between September to December and harvested in February and May as part of the Rabi season.
List of Wheat Producing States in India
We have compiled our top 10 list of India’s largest wheat-producing states so that you are always informed
01. Uttar Pradesh
Wheat production in UP is among the highest in India. It is located at the highly fertile river basin of the Ganges. About 300,000 tons of wheat are produced in the state. The state grows wheat on over 96 lakh hectares. This state accounts for more than 37% of India’s wheat production. It is the mineral soil in Uttar Pradesh that is best suited for growing wheat because it has the most fertility. Furthermore, the state has excellent agricultural values and irrigation facilities such as fertile land for mass production and a river.
02. Punjab
Known for its agriculture, Punjab is one of the most famous states in the country. Additionally, the soil for agriculture in the state is very fertile. Punjab is also known as the land of five rivers, which makes it suitable for irrigation purposes. The state of Punjab is one of the top ten leading wheat-producing states in India and ranks second on this list. In terms of wheat production, the state is ranked second in India. Ferozepur, Ludhiana, Patiala, and Amritsar are the most important wheat-growing districts in Punjab. Out of those 35lakh hectares of land used for wheat cultivation, Punjab has an additional 60lakh hectares of agricultural land.
03. Haryana
The state is located in the northern part of the country and is famous for the large amount of wheat it produces as well as consumes. Haryana’s main occupation is agriculture, whether it is growing wheat or rice. Each year, the state produces huge quantities of wheat and other crops. Additionally, it is known for its high-quality wheat production among all of the other states. Wheat crops amounting to 118 lakh metric tons per year are being produced in this state. Due to its agricultural values, Haryana is considered India’s greenest state. Additionally, the state’s farmers produce quality wheat that is exported overseas regardless of whether it is grown in the state. The state grows wheat organically, making it one of the very few states that do so.
04. Madhya Pradesh
Desi wheat is known as one of the best quality crops in Madhya Pradesh. In terms of wheat production, this state ranks fourth. Most of the wheat produced in Madhya Pradesh comes from Share, Sagar, Gwalior, Indore, Jabalpur, and Ujjain. Moreover, the state’s wheat production values make it an important part of India’s heartland. Approximately 8.9% of Indian wheat production originates from the state. The Santa Durum region of the state produces the famous varieties of ears of wheat. Wheat is also exported by the state both domestically and internationally.
05. Rajasthan
One of the country’s most famous wheat-producing states in Rajasthan. The state ranks among the top five wheat-producing states in the country, despite being largely covered in desert. It is considered that the state reflects the value of royalty and ethnicity on wheat production. We are surprised to learn that most of the land is covered in sand. Despite producing a huge amount of wheat, the state has very limited farmland and cultivated land. Almost, 24lakh hectares of the crop are cultivated in the state by extremely hardworking farmers. In addition, Rajasthan has the right climatic conditions to grow wheat. Therefore, more wheat is grown in the state because of the climatic conditions.
06. Bihar
Though Bihar is economically backward, the state has excelled in agriculture. The state of Bihar has done a good deal in the field of agriculture. In the nation, 45 lakh metric hectares of crops are produced by the state. There are many fertile lands in Bihar that are suitable for growing wheat, one of the most fertile in the country. A total of 52 lakh hectares of the land area are used in agriculture and are cultivated in the state, of which 22 lakh hectares are used for wheat cultivation. Moreover, wheat grown in the state has the best quality in nature and texture. There is 1800 kg of wheat produced per hectare in Bihar. It is in Bhojpur and Nalanda that wheat of the highest quality is grown.
07. Gujrat
With over 4% of the wheat delivered in the nation produced in Gujarat, it is the nation’s one of the largest wheat producers. Gujarat is a state where wheat has developed in a large area, encompassing more than 12 lakh hectares. The wheat efficiency of Gujarat is similar to that of West Africa, which is multiple tons/hectare. Wheat is a species of Triticum aestivum, which originated in many regions of Gujarat, including Kheda, Rajkot, and Bhavnagar. State land is rich in minerals and fertile so that it can grow any type of wheat.
08. Maharashtra
According to the rundown of the top 10 largest wheat-producing states in India for 2016, Maharashtra ranked eighth. The region produces dicoccum wheat, which evolved in various valleys of rivers such as the Krishna, Godavari, and Tapi. More than 20 lakh hectares of wheat are grown in Maharashtra, representing 4.2% of the nation’s wheat-growing area. Maharashtra’s farmers are putting all their efforts into meeting their target of producing wheat this year.
09. Uttarakhand
Recently, Uttarakhand has been ranked as the top tenth state in India to produce wheat. Wheat production in Uttarakhand has been successful because of the right climatic conditions. Further, 9 lakh metric tons of wheat are produced in the state every year. Also, the hilly terrain contributes to the state’s best wheat production. This state contributes almost 3.7 lakh hectares of land to the production of wheat in the state.
10. West Bengal
Since it is located in the north-eastern part of the country, wheat is an appropriate crop there. A large amount of wheat is produced in the state for the nation. A surplus of 8 lakh metric tons of wheat is produced by West Bengal, which occupies the tenth position. There are over three lakh hectares of wheat fields under development in West Bengal, which claims wheat productivity of 2,700 kilograms per hectare. In addition, the state’s land could be utilized to mass-produce wheat.
What are some of the Wheat varieties with modern improvements and modern farming practices?
As we have already known about the top wheat-producing states in India, let us now know about the wheat varieties and modern farming practices.
- HP W155: In the areas where there are high mountains and in the unfamiliar lands of the lower and middle areas of the state, this variety can be sown promptly in unirrigated areas. Several colours of rust are resistant to this variety. This variety produces plants that are dark green and dense with thick, hard grains. It can tolerate higher fertilizer levels. The variety yields 37-40 qt/ha under irrigated conditions and 28-30 qt/ha under rainy conditions on average.
- HP W236: For intermediate and unirrigated lowlands in higher mountainous areas, this variety has been approved. Various diseases such as yellow, rust, and brown rust,Karnal bunt can be controlled by this variety. This variety’s grains are thick, syrupy and semi-hard. Approximately 33 q/ha of this variety are produced in the Barani region.
- HP W 211: Section-1 has approved this variety for the specified areas. There is high resistance to Karnal bunt yellow rust and brown rust in this variety. Fertilizers can be applied to this variety. Granularly, the grain is hard and sticky. Moreover, the chapatis made from it are excellent. The average yield per hectare is 35.40 quintals.
- HP W 249: In the unfamiliar parts and also intermediate parts of the state, this variety is approved for cultivation. Yellow and brown rot, as well as powdery diseases, are resistant to this variety. In rainfed and irrigated areas, it is capable of producing 25-26 quintals of grain per hectare.
- HS 507: In the lower and intermediate parts of the state, this variety thrives on irrigated and uncultivated land. In addition to resistance to Brown and yellow Ratuas, this variety is also resistant to Karnal Bunt Disease. Known for its hard, medium-thick grains, it is a Sharabati variety. It can be cooked after 165 days. The yields in the Barani and Sichit areas are 25 and 47 q/ha, respectively.
What state is currently the largest producer of wheat?
Historically, along with all the top wheat-producing states in India, Uttar Pradesh was India’s top wheat-producing state. The state of Uttar Pradesh is one of the top producers of bajra, rice, sugarcane, and food grains in India. According to Statista, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, and Madhya Pradesh are the top three wheat-producing states in India. A large amount of wheat can be grown in Uttar Pradesh due to good weather conditions. In Uttar Pradesh, wheat is grown on 96 lakh hectares.
However, Punjab became the biggest wheat-producing state in 2021 after a year, and it happened as farmers protested against three central laws along Delhi’s border since November of last year. As a result of lower wheat procurement this year compared to 2020, Madhya Pradesh lost the title of top wheat procurer in India to Punjab. Data from the state’s food and civil supplies department show that in 2021 Madhya Pradesh has received only 126.6 lakh tonnes of wheat planted on 49 lakh hectares, compared to 129.4 lakh tonnes planted on 45 lakh hectares in 2020. Among all states in the country, MP produced 128.5 lakh tonnes of wheat in 2020, pushing Punjab to the second spot for the first time. Following a 27% increase in registration of farmers wishing to sell their rabi crop to the MP government, the MP government set a higher target for wheat procurement this year. Due to the increase in registration of farmers, the department of food and civil supplies had to purchase over 135 lakh tonnes of wheat and arrange extra space and gunny bags. However, MP failed to reach the target, whereas the Punjab government in contrast procured 132 lakh tonnes against its goal of 130 lakh tonnes. The decline in production has also affected wheat procurement. Therefore, Seeds and fertilizers need to be improved by the state government to compete with Punjab
Thus, due to the increasing population, the demand for food in the world is also increasing rapidly, and therefore wheat is a crucial and essential crop for meeting this need. In a country like India, which is known for the sheer size of the population and economic condition, its farmers strive to supply food grains to all its residents in a regular fashion. We are grateful to have them and really appreciate the work and efforts they put in to fulfill the demands of the food requirement with the growing and increasing population. This is all about the Wheat Producing States in India.
Also Read: Top 5 largest Cotton Producing State in India 2024
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